Changes

''' Genealogically Useful Time Frame '''

''' Genealogically Useful Time Frame '''

This is important to the genetic genealogist as all DNA tests, with the exception of atDNA, represent ancient people groups. A genealogically useful time frame is approximately when surnames appeared and for which documentation is available, or about 1,000 years ago. Anything beyond that can be very difficult to substantiate. <em>(Surnames appeared in Europe approximately 1,000 years ago and were adopted in other places after that. Turkey didn't require surnames until 1934. Likewise, the availability of documentation varies over place and time.)</em> Y-DNA and atDNA can effectively represent recent relationships.

This is important to the genetic genealogist as non-recombinant DNA tests (mtDNA and Y-DNA) point to ancient people groups. Recombinant DNA (atDNA & X-DNA) gets diffused over time and is better suited for recent relationships. A genealogically useful time frame is approximately when surnames appeared and for which documentation is available, or about 1,000 years ago. Anything beyond that can be very difficult to substantiate. <em>(Surnames appeared in Europe approximately 1,000 years ago and were adopted in other places after that. Turkey didn't require surnames until 1934. Likewise, the availability of documentation varies over place and time.)</em> Y-DNA and atDNA can effectively represent recent relationships.

''' Haplogroup '''

''' Haplogroup '''